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不肯真做
说清朝的阶层固化，我觉得最有意思的不是它做了什么，而是它做了很多，却什么都不肯真做。
豁除贱籍、废奴婢、留科举——这些事说起来都挺好。但你仔细看看，这些动作有一个共同点：动的都是底层的绳子，碰的都是边缘的东西。核心的权力结构，一根头发都没乱。
官缺制度是最直观的例子。清朝把官职按族群切成块——宗室缺、满洲缺、蒙古缺、汉军缺、汉缺。汉人即使科举考上了，分到的多半还是边角料。门是开了，但门后挂着锁，锁上写着两个字：身份。
八旗子弟的待遇，就是“出生即赢家”。俸饷、土地、司法优待、入仕捷径——笔帖式专为旗人设，从未设汉族缺额，许多旗人由此入仕，最终官至大学士。雍正豁除贱籍，松了底层一根绳，顶层的特权，一点没碰。
说到底，清朝不是没有努力。它努力了，但它努力的方向是“给你一点松，别碰我的根”。这样的努力，只能让阶层固化缓一缓，缓不了根。
豁除贱籍、废奴婢、留科举——这些事说起来都挺好。但你仔细看看，这些动作有一个共同点：动的都是底层的绳子，碰的都是边缘的东西。核心的权力结构，一根头发都没乱。
官缺制度是最直观的例子。清朝把官职按族群切成块——宗室缺、满洲缺、蒙古缺、汉军缺、汉缺。汉人即使科举考上了，分到的多半还是边角料。门是开了，但门后挂着锁，锁上写着两个字：身份。
八旗子弟的待遇，就是“出生即赢家”。俸饷、土地、司法优待、入仕捷径——笔帖式专为旗人设，从未设汉族缺额，许多旗人由此入仕，最终官至大学士。雍正豁除贱籍，松了底层一根绳，顶层的特权，一点没碰。
说到底，清朝不是没有努力。它努力了，但它努力的方向是“给你一点松，别碰我的根”。这样的努力，只能让阶层固化缓一缓，缓不了根。
星宿派
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